Sterategi Work On
The Problems Toefl Listening
Section
Part A
At the hearing session
or TOEFL Listening
Comprehension Test Part A, you will be loaded
with 30 quick questions .. In this session, you
will hear short
conversations between two (2) speakers (speakers)
are followed by
questions. Conversation and the question will
not you meet on
the matter. After you listen to the conversation
and questions, you
must choose the answer
you think is most correct. On this occasion, will be discussed on Session
Pass TOEFL Listening
Comprehension: Strategies Part
A
Here is a sample conversation, along with a brief definition and explanation.
The following example has a similar
difficulty level to
the TOEFL Test, commonly
used in the tests at school, college, or
institution that provides services
TOEFL test. You
need to consider is the strategy
to do it. Could have been a different matter, however,
the right strategy will lead you to the selection of the correct answer.
Example
Speaker 1 (man) : I need a motorcycle to ride to Makassar, and I
don't have one.
Speaker 2 (woman) : Why not rent one?
Narrator : What does the woman suggest?
choice answers
(A)Getting a red
motorcycle
(B) Renting an apartment in Makassar
(C) Not riding to Makassar
D) Renting a motorcycle for the
trip
Problem Definition and Explanation
In the above example
problems, Speaker 1 said: "I need
a motorcycle, I do
not have any motorcycle."
Speaker 2 then responds
by saying: "Why do not you rent it?"
Narrator then mentioned questions related conversation between
Speaker 1 and
Speaker 2. The
question is: "What is
suggested or recommended by
the woman (in this case, refers to the woman Speaker
2).
answer
The most reasonable answer from the four options above answer is option
The most reasonable answer from the four options above answer is option
D. Renting a
motorcycle for the trip.
reason
Based on the above matter, Speaker 2 suggest to hire (rent). Option D is the most appropriate choice for the above conversation to talk about the obstacles faced by the first Speaker who wanted to take a trip to Makassar, but he did not have a vehicle. It is based on the information given by the Speaker 1.
Based on the above matter, Speaker 2 suggest to hire (rent). Option D is the most appropriate choice for the above conversation to talk about the obstacles faced by the first Speaker who wanted to take a trip to Makassar, but he did not have a vehicle. It is based on the information given by the Speaker 1.
Strategi
Focus your attention on
the second speaker or speakers 2. In
general, information about the response of the implied question on what was mentioned
by the second speaker (Speaker 2). As in
the example above: Narrator: What does the woman mean?
·
Always remember that the
(very likely) the correct answer is a re-statement of the keyword. As
in the example above, the key word is Rent (as mentioned by Speaker 2). Answer
true also contain keywords Renting a motorcycle for the trip.
·
It is important to
remember that the Listening Comprehension Part A, always spinning on the topic:
o
Restatements
o
Negatives
o
Suggestions
o
Passives
o
Conclusions about who
and where
o
expressions of agreement
·
The whole question is
based on the level of matter. Usually,
the problems at an early stage have an easy difficulty level. More and more
difficult (because of high levels). Problem
number 1 -5 is about the easiest, and about 26-30 a matter which requires
accurate analysis (difficult).
·
Remember, pay close
attention to a matter which was read, search keyword or subject / problem, and
select the most correct answer. If
you are in doubt, choose the answer you think is most reasonable. Do not get no answer
because hesitation.
·
Even if you do not
understand what was being said on the whole, you still can find the correct
answer.
o
If you only know a few
words or main idea of the second row (what is
mentioned by Speaker 2), choose the answer that contains a restatement of the
main idea.
o
If you do not understand
at all the conversation (conversation), still listen to, and then choose the
answer which read / penyebutannya most different to what you're listening to
the conversation.
o
Do not ever choose an
answer based on reason "because it sounded exactly with what was mentioned
by the speaker (speakers).
The next discussion will be stressed on the discussion of the Skill-a skill
that needs to be mastered to achieve graduation in session TOEFL Listening
Comprehension. Among them are:Restatements
- Negatives
- Suggestions
- Passives
- Who and Where
Part B
Directions:
In
this part of the test you will hear longer conversations. After each
conversation you will hear several questions. The conversations and questions
will not be repeated.
After
you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and
choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the
question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you
have chosen.
Remember,
you aren’t allowed to take notes or write in your test book.
Part C
Directions:
In
this part of the test you will hear several talks. After each talk, you will
hear some questions. The talks and questions will not be repeated.
After
you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and
choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the
question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you
have chosen.
Vocabulary Listening Strategies
Listening
Strategies
There
are three types of listening strategy in this section outlining what you can do
before ,during and after a lecture or seminar. Before listening In order to get
the most out of your lectures and seminars, you not only need to sit, listen
and think ,you also need to prepare for them. You may already do some of the
following, but if not, try them out before your next lecture or seminar.
Read
up on the content beforehand Each lecture series is usually accompanied by a
list of texts which you should read in advance of the lecture. This will
familiarise you with the ideas and information you will hear. It also gives you
the opportunity to check important vocabulary which is likely to be used in the
lecture.
Predicting
the content of the lecture
As
we listen, we unconsciously compare what we hear with what we already know.
This allows us to identify what is new information and what is already known.
In order to help this process, spend a few minutes before the lecture thinking
about what you expect to hear. Focus on the title of the lecture and think
about what you already know, or questions that you would like answered.
While
listening
Listening
in lectures and seminars is an active process.
Selecting
what is important or useful
Listen
for signposts which tell you what the lecturer thinks is important, eg. "There are three main points
...", "On the other hand ...", "Interestingly, ...".
Like
paragraphs in writing, the lecturer's voice will tell you when they are
starting a new point. Listen for changes in their intonation: loud and high
sounds often indicate importance.
Develop
your own note-taking style
Develop
your own method for writing different types of information in different ways.
You could use:- colour (eg. different colours
for main points and examples)- abbreviations (gov't, aesth,
pysch'y , globn)- symbols (–», +)- pictures- the space on the page (eg.
write the lecturer's points on the left, your ideas on the right, new words in
the margin)
Look
at the lecturer
Don’t
forget to look at the lecturer from time to time: a large part of communication
is visual. When you do this, try writing without looking at your pen.
Don’t
listen for every word
We
all have lapses of concentration or find that we have missed or not understood
something while we are listening for a long time. When this happens we have a
choice: either we try to recall what we have just heard and try to reconstruct
it from memory, or we leave it and move on. Unless you can remember things
extremely easily and quickly, it is often best to just move on. You can always
ask someone else later. By thinking about what it was, you can often miss even
more of what is being said.
After
listening
Recycling
By
trying to remember what you have heard, you will increase your chances of
remembering it later. Try:- talking about it with your classmates;- making a
mind-map of the lecture content;- writing a few sentences which summarise the
main points.
Key
Word:
Remembering
a new word in the second language by 1) identifying a familiar word in the
first language that sounds like or otherwise resembles the new word, and 2)
generating easily recalled images of some relationship between the new word and
the familiar word.
NHK
Radio I heard the word, "gigantic". That's a new word for me. I was
surprised that there are so many words which mean "big" in English,
for example, large, huge, gigantic.
Contextualization:
Placing
a word or phrase in a meaningful language sequence.
Listening
and Recall I dictated Lesson 26. Lesson 26 said about undergraduate students
and graduate students. When I heard first, I could not dictate "bachelor's
degrees." But in last sentence, there were "master's degrees"
and "doctor's degrees." So I could understand what he said.
Transfer:
Using
previously acquired linguistic and/or conceptual knowledge to facilitate a new
language learning task.
Noticing:
Being
alert to new information.
Inferencing
:
Using
available information to guess meanings of new items, predict outcomes or fill
in missing information.
Listening
Skills
*
Listen to some specific words:
*
What does the person mean?
*
What does the person suggest?
*
What does the person say about somebody else?
*
What does the person imply?
*
What had the person thought?
*
What had the person assumed?
*
Who is the person?
*
What will the person probably do next?
*
Where does this conversation probably take place?
*
What does the person need to do?
*
What does the person mean?
* A
restatement of the words or ideas of the second line in the conversation or the
second speaker’s lines.
*
Choose the answer that sounds the most different from what you heard
*
Never choose an answer because it sounds like what you heard in the
conversation. Avoid similar sounds
*
Choose answers with synonyms
*
Draw conclusion (who, where, what)
*
Listen for WHO and WHAT in passives. If the conversation contains a statement
in active voice the answer to that question is probably in passive.
*
Listen for negative expressions
*
Listen for double negative expressions
*
Listen for almost negative expressions:
*
Almost none: hardly, barely, scarcely, only
*
Almost never: Scarcely, seldom
*
Listen for expressions of agreements
*
Agreements with positive statements:
* So
do I, Me, too, I’ll say!, Isn’t it!, You can say that again!
*
Agreements with negative statements:
*
Neither do I, I don’t either
*
Listen for expressions of uncertainty and suggestions
Uncertainty:
*
Isn’t it? (tag)?, As far as I know As far as I can tell
Suggestions:
*
Why not ………….. Let’s …………
*
Listen for emphatic expressions of surprise
Listen
for wishes
* A
affirmative wish implies a negative reality
* A
negative wish implies an affirmative reality
* A
past tense verb implies a present reality
* A
past perfect tense implies a past reality
*
Listen for untrue conditions
*
Similar to 15
*
Had can be used without if
*
Listen for two- and three-part verbs
*
Example: call off = cancel
*
Listen for idioms
Part B
*
Anticipate the topics
*
Anticipate the question
Determine
the topic
*
Draw conclusions about WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN
*
Listen for answers in order
Part C
* If
you have time, preview the answers to the listening part C questions. While you
are looking at the answers, you should try to do the following:
*
Anticipate the topics of the talks you will hear.
*
Anticipate the questions for each of the groups of the answers
*
Listen carefully to the first line of the talk. It often contains the main
idea, subject or topic of the talk, and you will often be asked this type of
question.
* As
you listen to the talk, draw conclusions about the situations of the talk: who
is talking, where or when the talk takes place, which course this lecture might
be given in. You will often be asked to make such inferences about the talk.
* As
you listen to the talk, follow along with the answers and try to determine the
correct answers. Detail questions are generally answered in order in the talk,
and the answers often sound the same as what is said in the recording.
*
Use any remaining time to look ahead at the answers to the questions that
follow.
Listening Skills
Structure
tips:
* Be
sure that the sentence has a subject and a verb
* Be
careful of objects of prepositions because they can be mistaken for the subject
of the sentence. The object of the preposition is a noun or a pronoun that
comes after a preposition such as: in, at, on, of, to, by, behind, etc, to form
a prepositional phrase.
* Be
careful of appositives. An appositive is a noun that comes before or after
another noun and has the same meaning. Appositives can be left out the phrase
and it still makes sense.
* Be
careful of present participles: they can either be as part of the verb or an
adjective
* Be
careful of past participles
*
Use coordinate connectors correctly: and, but, so, or, yet
*
Parallel structure
*
Invert the subject and verb with question words
*
Invert the subject and verb with negatives
*
Subject verb agreement
Sources
:
http://www.gunadarma.ac.id/
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